Building construction



Nov. 8, 1932.

W. H. HQUGHTQN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed March 20 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet1 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 W. H. HOUGHTON BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed March 20,1929 Nov. 8, 1932.

3 Sheets-Sheet 3 W32 v l y vl Pl||||all lulllll lllllllll! Patented Nov.8 1932" a UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WILLIAM'H. HOUGHTOLLOF LOSANGELES, CALIFORNIA BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Application filed March20,1929. Serial No. 348,466.

My invention is in a building construction Fi 4 is a plan of one of thehorizontal and may be considered as a further developfiller locks as iftaken in the direction: of the ment of that set forth in my Patent No.-arrow4of Fig. 10f the block alone,

1,491,404, dated April 22, 1924. 1 V I Fig. 5is a side elevation of sucha block 5 An object of my invention is a building taken in the directionof the arrow 5 of Fig. 4, 55

construction in which the wall sections are Fig. 6 is an end elevationtaken in the direcbuilt up of interlocking panels and blocks tion of thearrow 6 of Fig. 5, preferably formed of cement, or concrete in Fig. 7 isan inside elevation of one of the such a manner that I may have afilling of Wall panels, or it may be considered as an in- 10 concrete onthe outer part of the wall and a side view of one of the floor orceiling slabs, 60 hollow inner wall. In this connection the Fig. 8 is asection on the line 88 of Fig. 7 panels of the concrete filled wall arepreferin the direction of the arrows, ably formed with dovetail groovesthus giv- The wall construction is substantially as ing a bond for theconcrete. filling. follows, and embodies an outer wall 11 which Anotherobject of my invention is in conis formed of panels and blocks filledwith con- 65 structing a ceiling or floor construction by crete. Insideof this there is an inner wall 12 means of interlocking slabs of cementwith Which is formed of panels and interlocking interlocking blocks atthe juncture of certain blocks, but no concrete filling, leaving deadslabs whereby on filling the space between air spaces. In constructingthe outside wall lower and upper slabs and utilizing metal re- I utilizepanels 13 which are substantially rec- 70 inforcing, a floor is formedin which the floor tangular and have dovetail grooves 14 on surfaceisformed of concrete slabs and the heir inside surface, these groovespreferably ceiling below also of concrete slabs. .The extendinglengthwise of each of the panels. slabs where I have the concretefilling .be- The anels atone edge have an inwardly extween are alsopreferably dovetailed on their tending groove 15 formed bya frontproject- 75 inner faces. a ing tongue 16 and a middle projecting tongueIn regard to my detail construction a 17. The marginal surface 18 fromthe tongue further object of my invention in the wall 17 slopesinwardly. At the opposite edge construction is having the concretepanels there is a middle tongue 19 and an inner spaced by verticalfiller blocks. and having the tongue 20 forming a groove 21 at the back,80 inside wall which is hollow spaced by horiand the sloping surface 22at the edge. By zontal interlocking blocks. These blocks are thisconstruction the edges of adjacent panels preferably arranged so thatthey break joint interlock as indicated in Fig. 3. I and thus form astrong wall when; the outer The upper and lower surfaces are also madewall has a concrete filling, and is provided with a similarconstruction. The upper edge with metal reinforcing bars emb dd d therindicated at 23 has the two tongues with the in and passing through anotch in the blocks, groove between, but in this Case the inner Myinvention is illustrated in the accomtongueand lnner groove areintersected by panying drawings, in which: the dovetail grooves. Thusthe panels when 49 Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a wall conplacedtogether interlock on both sides at the struction partly broken away,showing a see top and at the bottom. tion through a floor and ceilingconstruction, The outer walls have a series of blocks 24 Fig. 2 may beregarded asa vertical secwhich extend between the inner and outer tionon the line 2-2 of Fig. 1 in the direction panels, these being indicatedin Fig. 1. They 45 of the arrows, showing the outer wall extendareprovided with double tongues 25 on the ed upwardly and illustrating aground floor marginal edges and double tongues 26 on the construction,top and bottom edges. They have fiat ver- Fig. 3 is a detail horizontalsection subtical sides 27 and flat tops 28. Therefore, stantially on theline 3-3 of Figs. 1 or 2 in these blocks may be caused to interfit withthe 50 the direction of the arrows, panel pieces on the top of thepanels as indicated at 29 and also underneath the panels as indicated at30. (See Fig. 1.)

Reinforcing bars 31 extend horizontally between the front inside andoutside panels of the outer wall 11 and through the vertical blocks 24.There are also vertical reinforcing bars 32 extending upwardly betweenthe vertical blocks 24; and between the inner and outer panels of theoutside wall there is preferably a filling of concrete 33.

The inner wall 12 utilizes the inner series of panels of the outsidewall so that the whole wall may be considered as formed of an outer face34 formed of panels and the outer surfaces of the vertical blocks 24. Amiddle section 35 is formed of panels and the inner face of the blocks24. As above mentioned, the outer face 34 and the middle section 35 withthe concrete filling form the outer wall 11.

The inner face 36 is formed of panels 37 preferably rectangular, butthese are constructed without a dovetail on the inner construction. Theyare'provided with double tongues and grooves on the side edges 38 andalso with double tongues and grooves on the top and bottom edges 39.These double tongues and grooves are made in the same manner as on thepanels for the outer wall. The horizontal blocks 40 are alsosubstantially similar in shape to the blocks 24 and are illustrated indetail in Figs. 4, 5 and 6, and bear the same numerals as identify thefea tures of the vertical blocks 24. These blocks are preferablyinstalled to break oint so that the panels can be made of differentlengths as indicated in Fig. 2.

The floor and ceiling construction connects to the inner wall by meansof special blocks 41 illustrated in section in Figs. 1 and 2. These havedouble tongues and grooves 42 on the outer face and also double tongueswith a single groove 43 extending partly in wardly. There is an inwardlyextending tongue 44 which fits between an upper slab 45 of a floorconstruction and a lower slab 46 forming a ceiling construction. Each ofthese slabs is dovetailed on the inner surface as indicated at 47. Thefloor slabs are of the same general type of construction as the wallpanels having the dovetail backs, and are provided with the doubletongues 48 and 49 on all their edges, these tongues being positioned ina reverse direction so that the slabs will interlock.

In the floor construction I also incorporate concrete blocks 50 whichare of the same general character as the vertical blocks 24 of the outerwall and the horizontal blocks 40 of the inner wall. These blocks havedouble tongues 51 (note Figs. 1 and 2) interlocking with the floorslabs. The blocks may be placed continuously end to end forming ineffect a beam structure or may break joint with the slabs if desired,the side edges at the top and bottom and the end edges also at the topand bottom being formed to interlock with the slabs. In the floorconstruction there are notches 52 in the blocks 50 and notches 53 in thespecial blocks 41 and through these notches there are fitted reinforcingbars 54 which have their ends bent at an angle as indicated at 55 in theoutside wall. A filling of concrete 56 fills the space between the notchand floor slabs and embeds the reinforcing bars 54. This cement orcement grout fills the notches in the blocks. It will be noted that thevertical blocks 24 have notches 57 in which the reinforcing bars 31 areembedded.

It is more or less immaterial as to the manher in which the wall isbuilt up from the foundation, but for convenience of assembly I utilizespecial floor slabs 58 (note Fig. 2). These slabs are provided with aplurality of inner grooves 59, a center 60 and grooves 61 and 62parallel to the center. The floor slabs are supported on foundationblocks 63 and 64 or other suitable construction. These grooves in thefloor slab allow the lower edges of the wall panels to fit therein andin such manner interlock. The concrete filling of the outer wall fillsin the center 60 and firmly locks the panels on the outer and middlepart of the outer wall together.

It is obvious that the same general type of construction, using middlepanels and the similar type of construction for floor and ceiling slabs,allows economy to be exercised in the manufacture of such panels andslabs, and these may also be incorporated in roof constructions, eitherflat or sloping roofs, as the desire may be. The blocks fitted in theoutside and inside portions of the walls and in the floors may be ofsubstantially the same type, and in some cases may be made to the samedimensions, thus also affording economy in manufacture. It will beapparent that the elements of my wall are readily assembled and that nomold or forms are required.

Various changes may be made in the principles of my invention withoutdeparting from the spirit thereof, as set forth in the description,drawings and claims.

I claim:

1. A building construction having a wall with three distinct andseparate vertical structures formed with an outer panel structure, aninner panel structure, and a central panel structure, there being blocksconnecting between the outer and the center structures and terminatingat said structures and additional blocks between the inner and centerstructures and terminating at said structures, thereby providing spacesbetween the blocks, and a composition filling between the outer andcenter panel structures.

2. A building construction having a wall with three distinct andseparate vertical structures formed with an outer panel structure, aninner panel structure, and a center lid panel structure, all spacedapart, blocks between the outer and the center structures terminating atsaid structures and additional blocks between the inner and centralstructures terminating at said structures, the outer and the centralpanel structures having dovetails facing one another, and a compositionfilling between the outer and the center structures engaging the saiddovetails.

3. A building construction having a .wall with three distinct andseparate vertical structures with an outer panel structure, an innerpanel structure, and a center panel structure, each being formed ofindividual panels, a series of blocks engaging and spacing the panels ofthe outer and center structures, a separate series of blocks engagingthe panels of the inner and center structures and terminating at saidstructures, the said panels and blocks having interlocking tongues andgrooves, and a composition filling between the outer and the centerpanel structures.

4. A building construction having a wall with three distinct andseparate vertical structures with an outer panel structure, an innerpanel structure and a center panel structure, each formed of individualpanels, vertical spacing blocks between the outer and the center panelstructures terminating at said structures, separate spacing blocksbetween the inner and central panel structures terminating at saidstructures, the said panel structures and the blocks having interlockingdouble tongues and grooves, each of the tongues having a sloping surfaceand a surface substantially parallel to the planes of the panel, thesaid panels and blocks interfitting at the tongues and grooves, and acomposition filling between the outer and the center panel structures.

5. A building construction having a wall with three distinct andseparate vertical structures with an outer panel structure, an innerpanel structure, and a center panel structure, each formed of a numberof individual panels, spacing blocks between the outer and centerstructures terminating at said structures, additional spacing blocksbetween the inner and center structures terminating at said structures,the said panels and blocks having double tongues and grooves tointerlock, the tongues having sloping surfaces and each with anadjoining surface parallel to the plane of the panels, the outer andcenter panel structures having dovetailed grooves, and a compositionfilling in said grooves and between the outer and center panelstructures.

6. A building construction having in combination a wall with threedistinct and separate vertical structures formed with an outer panelstructure, an inner panel structure, and a center panel structure,spaclng blocks between the inner and center panel structures,

a flooring and ceiling construction having an upper and a lower panelstructure with spacing blocks between said structures, and certain ofthe spacing blocks of the wall also forming spacing blocks for the floorand ceiling.

7. A building construction comprising in combination a wall with threedistinct and separate vertical structures having an outer, inner and acenter panel structure, each formed of individual panels placed edge toedge, vertical spacing blocks between the outer and the centerstructures only, and hori-, zontal spacing blocks between the inner andcenter structures terminating at said structures, a floor and ceilingconstruction having 7

